3C - 3C
By Carol 
at 2021-01-23T17:13
at 2021-01-23T17:13
Table of Contents
英特爾外包台積電懸而未決?原因是守住美半導體製造關鍵技術
https://ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/3419850
英特爾(Intel)即將在2月換上新執行長,由VMware執行長季辛格(Pat Gelsinger)接下。而近期傳出英特爾將委由台積電代工的消息已引起市場震撼,季辛格21日線上法說會上澄清2023年大多數產品仍以自行生產為主,導致股價大跌。但事實上,季辛格關注的不僅是公司之間的發展,而是欲加強美國國家戰略、提防中國以及台灣威脅。
《彭博》報導,季辛格週四亦說晶片製造「是一項國家資產,英特爾為了科技產業、美國科技發展必須維持健康狀態,此機會將不可置疑地把英特爾和美國推向技術領導地位。」因此外包台積電一事季辛格語帶保留,僅說雙軌制生產下雖有部分代工,仍以自製為主。
然而華爾街並不喜好這種論調,反認為英特爾應以利潤為主,採用能快速提升製程、產量的發展策略,尤其是先前已有10奈米晶片拖延多年的先例。由於市場認為英特爾自製又將遲滯數年,落後對手並帶來數十億美元的額外成本,週五股價暴跌9.29%。
製造留在美國
英特爾仍在美國製造許多晶片,並在奧勒岡州、亞利桑那州、新墨西哥州都設有工廠。報導稱,如果英特爾依照華爾街的期待,將生產外包給台積電,美國將又失去一個主要先進製造,並將更多關鍵技術轉讓給台灣,隔壁便是同樣積極搶食半導體市場、且對台灣不友善的中國。
美國半導體業多年來一直抱怨,在當地製造的激勵措施與中國或其他地區相比遠遠不足,像中國已誓言砸逾1600億美元來建立國內產業。美國新任總統拜登去年提出了一項「美國製造」的10%抵稅政策,涵蓋當地生產、更新設備或擴建設施;兩黨也提議另項法案,提供500億美元激勵措施來建設美國生產設施。這筆錢看似驚人,但相比之下,光台積電一家公司今年計劃的新工廠和設備支出就達280億美元。
英特爾即將離任的執行長史旺(Bob Swan)向分析師表示,美國政府希望在本土就能進行先進的微電子技術和製造技術,英特爾越來越需要在美國有安全可靠的供應鏈。
報導稱,英特爾除了盡力提升自製能力,也可以與代工廠建立技術合作關係,像台積電、三星電子都尋求或正在美國建設新工廠,同樣可將製造留在美國。瑞銀(UBS)分析師Timothy Arcuri週五報告便說,這類合作關係可以利用新稅收抵免,進一步創造價值。
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