5G政策 應打破三大電信壟斷性競爭模式 - 手機討論

By Kumar
at 2019-04-29T16:00
at 2019-04-29T16:00
Table of Contents
完整標題:
張宇韶觀點》走回頭路?
5G政策 應打破三大電信壟斷性競爭模式
網址:
https://bit.ly/2ZL5SRE
內文:
壟斷和競爭本是兩個相互衝突的概念。市場經濟本質自由競爭,因為競爭可以提高企業經營效率與技術創新,對於消費者擁有更多的選擇與服務品質;市場壟斷不僅使得企業效率降低,產品或服務品質下降,消費者成為弱勢的價格接受者。自由競爭的經濟效益在台灣的電信市場猶為明顯,這可從從2G/3G/4G業務釋照過程可得到解釋。
我國自1997年電信自由化以來,政府經由引入新業者來促進市場競爭,藉此達到保障消費者權益之政策目標。2G/3G業務釋照雖然引進新業者,市場競爭效果卻不明確,根據2002、2010、2012年的國際資費評比中,我國大多排名在中後段,落後於香港、新加坡,南韓等鄰近國家,消費者必須付出高於國際行情的行動通信費用。主要的問題在於這種競爭的本質仍屬於「壟斷式的競爭」。
深入觀察,壟斷性競爭或稱為獨佔性競爭(Monopolistic Competition)是一種競爭市場,有許多廠商供應者,並非獨佔,也非寡佔,但其特色屬於不完美競爭的形式之一,在此種形式之下許多廠商製作與其他有些差異化的產品。短期而言,屬於獨佔性競爭的廠商就像是一個獨佔公司一般,可利用部分的獨佔市場力量提高售價以獲取比較高額利潤。
2013年4G釋照時引進了台灣之星及國碁電子(2015年與亞太電信合併),市場終於開始有了競爭,市場競爭的效果直接反應在用戶負擔的電信資費的內容。在2016年時,電信技術中心針對我國、美國、新加坡、英國、澳洲、日本與韓國等七國資費進行評比,我國4G服務資費水準在七國之排名躍居第2~3名間,從2G/3G時代之中後段班進步到了前段班。直言之,市場競爭的參與者變多,稀釋市場壟斷的意義就直接浮現,企業的經濟效應與消費者的服務也就隨即出現。
產業經濟學者認為,對廠商來說,在這些行動電話服務內容的重組或許成本差異是不大的;然而對消費者來說,不同資費內容選擇,自然有更多的消費紅利。以科技進步的角度思考,新技術的採用必然與舊技術體系產生拉扯。
當行動電話服務市場已經出現了一個技術典範或主流設計(如5G),產業的發展軌跡就會產生類似物理惰性的特質,依附在這個典範或設計進行演化,造成技術進步惰性停滯現象。市場競爭的降價行為不僅增加民眾的消費選擇,亦可讓既有的4G系統降低獲利率,刺激廠商致力於高利潤的新技術5G生產與研發,產生技術創新與品質升級的雙贏結果。
媒體報導5G頻譜執照發放張數,依照「人口密集地區充分競爭」、「非人口密集地區共網共建」為原則,並同步配套調降頻率使用費,以降低電信業者的5G建設成本。NCC副主委兼發言人翁柏宗指出,待政院公告釋照一覽表後,會徵詢業者意見。5G頻譜釋出以連續、大頻寬為原則。言下之意政府的考量除了技術門檻之外,卻有意走回「壟斷式競爭」的模式,這與「讓消費者享受有效競爭所帶來的紅利,讓數位經濟產業得以蓬勃發展,破除台灣電信產業長久以來的壟斷態勢」的趨勢背道而馳。
以近期開通5G的美韓市場為例,目前兩國電信業者所提出的5G資費方案居高不下,相較現有4G上網速度約提升四倍、但5G資費價格卻比台灣4G資費高出十倍之多。5G時代若只讓現有三大電信的利益,凌駕於消費者與國家數位技術發展之上,在壟斷式競爭下5G資費價格必將居高不下,消費者再也享受不到市場競爭帶來的好處、負擔將會增加,連帶影響國家數位經濟亦將因普及率不振而發展趨緩。
從台灣電信開放的歷程來看,唯有打破三大電信「壟斷式競爭」才能讓企業的營運效率與技術創新得到具體突破,同時也讓消費者得到選擇與品質的福利,這是政府開放5G政策前仍須審慎評估。
(兩岸政策協會研究員/致理科大行銷系兼任助理教授)
心得:
最近5G議題越演越烈
NCC堅持只發3張執照似乎讓很多經濟相關的人不滿
其實壟斷來說 就像現在台灣各地的第四台
沒有競爭就沒有進步 業者早就利益分配好了
--
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