Ryzen 的技術分析 - 3C
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By Agnes
at 2017-03-06T13:24
at 2017-03-06T13:24
Table of Contents
原出處:https://forums.anandtech.com/threads/ryzen-strictly-technical.2500572/
翻譯:http://www.mykancolle.com/?post=1406
--
- CCX - Compute Complex,內含4個Zen核心,8MB L3。
- PState - Performance State.不同狀態下電壓和頻率不同。
- Zeppelin – Summit Ridge (AM4), Snowy Owl (SP4)和Naples (SP3)等Zen架構CPU中
die設計的代號。
- dLDO – Digital low-dropout voltage regulator,數字低壓差穩壓器
- XFR – Extended Frequency Range,拓展頻率範圍
- MACF - Maximum all core frequency,全核最大頻率
- MSCF – Maximum single core frequency,單核最大頻率
- ACXFRC – All core XFR ceiling,全核XFR上限
- SCXFRC – Single core XFR ceiling,單核XFR上限
- SMU – System management unit,系統管理單元
SMU –幕後的掌控者
由於集成了系統管理單元SMU,在超頻時Ryzen和之前的架構都不一樣。
在默頻時,Ryzen的功耗全由SMU控制,SMU將發揮它的全部功能,掌管一切。SMU的管理功
能包括功耗、電流、溫度限制器,電壓控制器以及功耗門限等。
如果你不超頻,可以無視這些玩意。
為了超頻,AMD的工程師還給出了一個特別的模式:“超頻模式”,超頻模式下會禁用所
有的限制器,電壓控制器以及保護措施(除了CPU溫度保護)。
如果你在默認的P0狀態基礎上超頻,“超頻模式”就會自動啟用。SMU是通過向主板的診
斷顯示(80)端口發送“0C”來判斷超頻模式的。
在Zeppelin上,想了解CPU的不同頻率狀態(PStates)、電壓,特別是實際等效電壓是非
常困難的,遠比之前的架構困難得多。與之前的推土機家族(Family 15h)不同,
Zeppelin的加速PStates(Turbo&XFR )是完全不可見的,這也是他們為什麼被稱為“
Shadow PStates”的原因吧。這意味著Zeppelin的PStates不再以標準MSR寄存器定義,也
不能被用戶修改甚至看到。用戶能夠確認Shadow PStates生效的唯一方法,就是看到即時
頻率/電壓的上升。
在不超頻的狀態下,SMU會自動通過電壓控制器控制電壓。
比如P0狀態下,可能會給1.37500V電壓,實際等效電壓大概在1.26250V,或者稍高。這不
是個bug,而是CPU的正常工作狀態。基本上來說,MSR中定義的電壓只是上限而已,而SMU
會在這個值的基礎上自動降壓。我們測試的樣品上,P0(3.6GHz)的調整值為-120mV,P1
(3.2GHz )為-144mV。
當“超頻模式”激活時,SMU會禁用電壓控制器,其他的很多功能也會被禁用。這會造成
一個假象:超頻後功耗猛增。在技術上來說這是正確的,主要原因是關閉了SMU提供的自
動降壓預設,導致CPU電壓上升50-150mV。也就是說,開始超頻的時候電壓已經偏高。在
這時候不要立馬加壓,而是先嘗試提升頻率,在不穩定需要加壓的時候再加壓。
“超頻模式”的另一個缺點就是會關閉加速和XFR。也就是說如果你全核超不到默認的單
核XFR頻率,單線程性能會下降。
XFR
XFR實際上是對標準CPB加速算法的拓展或加強。在理想狀態下,CPU能夠提頻到原有的加
速頻率之上。XFR也有單核和多核的頻率上限。
比如1800X,全核頻率3.6GHz,單核頻率4.0GHz,在全核+XFR下能達到3.7GHz,單核+XFR
則是4.1GHz。
XFR的提升頻率在不同產品上可能不同。但在1800X上只有100MHz。理論上任何時候都能啟
用XFR,但在部分情況下(Linpack/P95)下頻率通常會降到3.6/4.0GHz。
外頻
AM4上超外頻是可能的,但並不推薦。因為外頻和其他接口掛鉤,比如PCIe。而且不像
Intel,AM4沒有異步模式,不能在調外頻的同時保持PCIe頻率不變。PCIE3.0通常能到
107MHz,再往上需要調到PCIE2.0或1.0。
超外頻會帶來很多穩定性問題。
內部電壓調整(dLDO )
Zeppelin是AMD首次集成電壓調節模塊。與Haswell/Broadwell上完全集成的電壓調節模塊
(FIVR)不同,AMD的調節器並非基於超高頻開關電路,而是超高效數字低壓差穩壓器
(dLDO)。大部分區塊(核心/緩存/Data Fabric)都有自己的dLDO,能夠分別調整。
當然普通用戶可以完全無視。因為零售版Ryzen上大部分的dLDO都是永遠處於by-pass模式
,實際的調節器處於關閉狀態,電壓調節全部放在主板上。
CCX之間的頻率關係
在內部頻率關係上,Zeppelin與之前的架構也很不同。核心、L1、L2的速度永遠都是綁定
,這和以前一樣。但這次的L3也和核心運行在同樣頻率(全速)。由於L3被整個CCX內的
核心所共享,因此L3的頻率和該CCX內最高的核心頻率一致。正常情況下,同一個CCX內的
所有核心都運行在同樣頻率。
所以CCX的結構給了超頻者一些限制。CCX內的4個核心必須運行在同頻(處於同樣的
PState),當然也可以改變每個核心的頻率,讓他們處於不同的PState之下,但很多情況
下結果會和預想的不同。由於L3的頻率和該CCX內最高的核心頻率相同,如果同一CCX內的
核心不是同頻,那麼請求和實際運行頻率就會有差距。
等效CPU倍頻與CPUFID和CPUDFSId 有關。CPUFID是一個範圍在16-255的整數值,而
CPUDFSId是1-6之間的浮點值。等效倍頻= ((CPUFID / (CPUDFSId / 8)) / 4)
如果同一CCX內的核心不是同頻,等效倍頻的計算就更加困難。如果所有核心的PStates都
有同樣的CPUDFSId值,等效倍頻=目標核心CPUFID / (1 + ((最高頻率核心CPUFID - 目標
核心CPUFID) / 最高頻率核心CPUFID)),比如最高頻率核心的倍頻是36.0x (CPUFID =
144 , CPUDFSId = 1) ,其他目標核心的倍頻為32.0x(CPUFID = 128 , CPUDFSId = 1
),等效倍頻= 128 / (1 + ((144 - 128) / 144)) = 115.2 (28.8x)。
啟用了CCX中,開啟的核心數必須相同,可能的配置為: 1 (1:0), 2 (2:0 or 1:1), 3
(3:0), 4 (4:0或2: 2), 6 (3:3), 8 (4:4) 。
Data Fabric
Zeppelin的北橋,官方稱為Data Fabric(DF)。DF頻率和內存控制器掛鉤,比例為1:2【
比如DDR4-2667 MEMCLK(內存頻率) = 1333MHz DFICLK(DF頻率)】。這意味著內存頻
率直接會影響DF的性能。
在某些情況下,Zeppelin的性能可能會隨內存頻率提升而大幅提升。
但實際上這不是通過提升內存頻率帶來的,而是同時提高的DF頻率帶來了性能提升。
零售版Zeppelin官方支持的最高內存頻率為DDR4 2667(2x 1R內存模組)或2400MHz(2x
2R內存模組),但2933、3200MHz的頻率也可以在部分主板上達成。
超頻性能
高端Ryzen的超頻空間非常小。因為默頻就已經很高,同時本來就是高密度的設計,
Zeppelin用的還是低功耗製程(三星14nm LPP )。
http://i.imgur.com/8Rch6JF.png
可以從曲線中看到,Zeppelin的頻率在3.3GHz之前是完美的線性增長(每100MHz需要25mV)
。首次偏差出現在3.3GHz,第二個也是最後一次偏差出現在3.5GHz。在這之後電壓已經不
是線性,需要的電壓大幅上升。
所以最理想的頻率範圍在2.1-3.3GHz,再往上每100MHz需要的電壓會明顯增加。
這意味著3.8GHz+的頻率會帶來功耗和溫度的大幅上升。
作為對比,之前AMD兩代桌面版的設計:
- Orochi Rev. C,也就是Vishera打樁機,32nm SHP SOI - (第一個關鍵點出現在4.4GHz
,第二個在4.7GHz)
- Kaveri / Godavari,28nm “SHP” HPP Planar - (第一個關鍵點出現在4.3GHz,第
二個在4.5GHz )
這個曲線和Ryzen預設的PState電壓/頻率基本吻合。
在高端型號上,比如1800X,3.6GHz默頻實際(等效)電壓範圍在1.200-1.300V,而加速
PState下(XFR,4.1GHz)下頻率可以高至1.475V。
測試樣品上P0 3.6GHz 實際電壓為~1.25000V,而單核XFR 4.1GHz實際電壓達到了
1.47500V。
AMD還沒給出最高的安全電壓【V DDCR_CPU - CCX電壓和VDDCR_SOC -北橋/SoC電壓】,但
估計高於1.47500V的電壓不會適合超頻和長期使用。
高端型號Ryzen的超頻是把雙刃劍。因為根據加速和XFR的工作原理,可能會降低單線程性
能。而且超頻空間已經很小。
功耗
功耗包括CPU核心+北橋/SoC,不包括開關和傳導損失。
峰值功耗使用Firestarter FMA/AVX,功耗比日常的多核滿載使用要高30%左右。
Note:當前的Prime95(28.10)並不能很好地對Ryzen進行壓力測試,測得的功耗會更低
。使用Firestarter和Linpack的功耗會顯著增加。
http://i.imgur.com/K9N5Aev.png
下面使用的是MCRT,Monte Carlo raytracer,來模擬真實應用。
http://i.imgur.com/wCSkAUV.png
http://i.imgur.com/yMXFJxi.png
彩蛋
Zeppelin上採用了非常高級的功耗管理。和Carrizo/BristolRidge相同,Zeppelin也能夠
支持cTDP。雖然零售版的Ryzen官方不支持cTDP,實際上只是在迷惑人們。
http://i.imgur.com/9oVGc83.png
在30W TDP下,CinebenchR15能夠達到850cb。這個分數意味著什麼,可想而知。
只要在理想頻率範圍內,Zeppelin可以達到聞所未聞、怪物級別的效率。
--
原文作者在底下還做了很多比較圖表,
對於有心想了解ZEN各種表現的人可以自己進去看
原文作者比較給出來結論
Ryzen對FMA指令集支持不好 ( bullet,himeno,nbody,linpack )
--
8 Core Ryzen 是不是膠水翻譯這篇文章的作者是持否定論
不過我也有看到其他人認為8 Core Ryzen就是膠水的論點就是了
--
翻譯:http://www.mykancolle.com/?post=1406
--
- CCX - Compute Complex,內含4個Zen核心,8MB L3。
- PState - Performance State.不同狀態下電壓和頻率不同。
- Zeppelin – Summit Ridge (AM4), Snowy Owl (SP4)和Naples (SP3)等Zen架構CPU中
die設計的代號。
- dLDO – Digital low-dropout voltage regulator,數字低壓差穩壓器
- XFR – Extended Frequency Range,拓展頻率範圍
- MACF - Maximum all core frequency,全核最大頻率
- MSCF – Maximum single core frequency,單核最大頻率
- ACXFRC – All core XFR ceiling,全核XFR上限
- SCXFRC – Single core XFR ceiling,單核XFR上限
- SMU – System management unit,系統管理單元
SMU –幕後的掌控者
由於集成了系統管理單元SMU,在超頻時Ryzen和之前的架構都不一樣。
在默頻時,Ryzen的功耗全由SMU控制,SMU將發揮它的全部功能,掌管一切。SMU的管理功
能包括功耗、電流、溫度限制器,電壓控制器以及功耗門限等。
如果你不超頻,可以無視這些玩意。
為了超頻,AMD的工程師還給出了一個特別的模式:“超頻模式”,超頻模式下會禁用所
有的限制器,電壓控制器以及保護措施(除了CPU溫度保護)。
如果你在默認的P0狀態基礎上超頻,“超頻模式”就會自動啟用。SMU是通過向主板的診
斷顯示(80)端口發送“0C”來判斷超頻模式的。
在Zeppelin上,想了解CPU的不同頻率狀態(PStates)、電壓,特別是實際等效電壓是非
常困難的,遠比之前的架構困難得多。與之前的推土機家族(Family 15h)不同,
Zeppelin的加速PStates(Turbo&XFR )是完全不可見的,這也是他們為什麼被稱為“
Shadow PStates”的原因吧。這意味著Zeppelin的PStates不再以標準MSR寄存器定義,也
不能被用戶修改甚至看到。用戶能夠確認Shadow PStates生效的唯一方法,就是看到即時
頻率/電壓的上升。
在不超頻的狀態下,SMU會自動通過電壓控制器控制電壓。
比如P0狀態下,可能會給1.37500V電壓,實際等效電壓大概在1.26250V,或者稍高。這不
是個bug,而是CPU的正常工作狀態。基本上來說,MSR中定義的電壓只是上限而已,而SMU
會在這個值的基礎上自動降壓。我們測試的樣品上,P0(3.6GHz)的調整值為-120mV,P1
(3.2GHz )為-144mV。
當“超頻模式”激活時,SMU會禁用電壓控制器,其他的很多功能也會被禁用。這會造成
一個假象:超頻後功耗猛增。在技術上來說這是正確的,主要原因是關閉了SMU提供的自
動降壓預設,導致CPU電壓上升50-150mV。也就是說,開始超頻的時候電壓已經偏高。在
這時候不要立馬加壓,而是先嘗試提升頻率,在不穩定需要加壓的時候再加壓。
“超頻模式”的另一個缺點就是會關閉加速和XFR。也就是說如果你全核超不到默認的單
核XFR頻率,單線程性能會下降。
XFR
XFR實際上是對標準CPB加速算法的拓展或加強。在理想狀態下,CPU能夠提頻到原有的加
速頻率之上。XFR也有單核和多核的頻率上限。
比如1800X,全核頻率3.6GHz,單核頻率4.0GHz,在全核+XFR下能達到3.7GHz,單核+XFR
則是4.1GHz。
XFR的提升頻率在不同產品上可能不同。但在1800X上只有100MHz。理論上任何時候都能啟
用XFR,但在部分情況下(Linpack/P95)下頻率通常會降到3.6/4.0GHz。
外頻
AM4上超外頻是可能的,但並不推薦。因為外頻和其他接口掛鉤,比如PCIe。而且不像
Intel,AM4沒有異步模式,不能在調外頻的同時保持PCIe頻率不變。PCIE3.0通常能到
107MHz,再往上需要調到PCIE2.0或1.0。
超外頻會帶來很多穩定性問題。
內部電壓調整(dLDO )
Zeppelin是AMD首次集成電壓調節模塊。與Haswell/Broadwell上完全集成的電壓調節模塊
(FIVR)不同,AMD的調節器並非基於超高頻開關電路,而是超高效數字低壓差穩壓器
(dLDO)。大部分區塊(核心/緩存/Data Fabric)都有自己的dLDO,能夠分別調整。
當然普通用戶可以完全無視。因為零售版Ryzen上大部分的dLDO都是永遠處於by-pass模式
,實際的調節器處於關閉狀態,電壓調節全部放在主板上。
CCX之間的頻率關係
在內部頻率關係上,Zeppelin與之前的架構也很不同。核心、L1、L2的速度永遠都是綁定
,這和以前一樣。但這次的L3也和核心運行在同樣頻率(全速)。由於L3被整個CCX內的
核心所共享,因此L3的頻率和該CCX內最高的核心頻率一致。正常情況下,同一個CCX內的
所有核心都運行在同樣頻率。
所以CCX的結構給了超頻者一些限制。CCX內的4個核心必須運行在同頻(處於同樣的
PState),當然也可以改變每個核心的頻率,讓他們處於不同的PState之下,但很多情況
下結果會和預想的不同。由於L3的頻率和該CCX內最高的核心頻率相同,如果同一CCX內的
核心不是同頻,那麼請求和實際運行頻率就會有差距。
等效CPU倍頻與CPUFID和CPUDFSId 有關。CPUFID是一個範圍在16-255的整數值,而
CPUDFSId是1-6之間的浮點值。等效倍頻= ((CPUFID / (CPUDFSId / 8)) / 4)
如果同一CCX內的核心不是同頻,等效倍頻的計算就更加困難。如果所有核心的PStates都
有同樣的CPUDFSId值,等效倍頻=目標核心CPUFID / (1 + ((最高頻率核心CPUFID - 目標
核心CPUFID) / 最高頻率核心CPUFID)),比如最高頻率核心的倍頻是36.0x (CPUFID =
144 , CPUDFSId = 1) ,其他目標核心的倍頻為32.0x(CPUFID = 128 , CPUDFSId = 1
),等效倍頻= 128 / (1 + ((144 - 128) / 144)) = 115.2 (28.8x)。
啟用了CCX中,開啟的核心數必須相同,可能的配置為: 1 (1:0), 2 (2:0 or 1:1), 3
(3:0), 4 (4:0或2: 2), 6 (3:3), 8 (4:4) 。
Data Fabric
Zeppelin的北橋,官方稱為Data Fabric(DF)。DF頻率和內存控制器掛鉤,比例為1:2【
比如DDR4-2667 MEMCLK(內存頻率) = 1333MHz DFICLK(DF頻率)】。這意味著內存頻
率直接會影響DF的性能。
在某些情況下,Zeppelin的性能可能會隨內存頻率提升而大幅提升。
但實際上這不是通過提升內存頻率帶來的,而是同時提高的DF頻率帶來了性能提升。
零售版Zeppelin官方支持的最高內存頻率為DDR4 2667(2x 1R內存模組)或2400MHz(2x
2R內存模組),但2933、3200MHz的頻率也可以在部分主板上達成。
超頻性能
高端Ryzen的超頻空間非常小。因為默頻就已經很高,同時本來就是高密度的設計,
Zeppelin用的還是低功耗製程(三星14nm LPP )。
http://i.imgur.com/8Rch6JF.png
可以從曲線中看到,Zeppelin的頻率在3.3GHz之前是完美的線性增長(每100MHz需要25mV)
。首次偏差出現在3.3GHz,第二個也是最後一次偏差出現在3.5GHz。在這之後電壓已經不
是線性,需要的電壓大幅上升。
所以最理想的頻率範圍在2.1-3.3GHz,再往上每100MHz需要的電壓會明顯增加。
這意味著3.8GHz+的頻率會帶來功耗和溫度的大幅上升。
作為對比,之前AMD兩代桌面版的設計:
- Orochi Rev. C,也就是Vishera打樁機,32nm SHP SOI - (第一個關鍵點出現在4.4GHz
,第二個在4.7GHz)
- Kaveri / Godavari,28nm “SHP” HPP Planar - (第一個關鍵點出現在4.3GHz,第
二個在4.5GHz )
這個曲線和Ryzen預設的PState電壓/頻率基本吻合。
在高端型號上,比如1800X,3.6GHz默頻實際(等效)電壓範圍在1.200-1.300V,而加速
PState下(XFR,4.1GHz)下頻率可以高至1.475V。
測試樣品上P0 3.6GHz 實際電壓為~1.25000V,而單核XFR 4.1GHz實際電壓達到了
1.47500V。
AMD還沒給出最高的安全電壓【V DDCR_CPU - CCX電壓和VDDCR_SOC -北橋/SoC電壓】,但
估計高於1.47500V的電壓不會適合超頻和長期使用。
高端型號Ryzen的超頻是把雙刃劍。因為根據加速和XFR的工作原理,可能會降低單線程性
能。而且超頻空間已經很小。
功耗
功耗包括CPU核心+北橋/SoC,不包括開關和傳導損失。
峰值功耗使用Firestarter FMA/AVX,功耗比日常的多核滿載使用要高30%左右。
Note:當前的Prime95(28.10)並不能很好地對Ryzen進行壓力測試,測得的功耗會更低
。使用Firestarter和Linpack的功耗會顯著增加。
http://i.imgur.com/K9N5Aev.png
下面使用的是MCRT,Monte Carlo raytracer,來模擬真實應用。
http://i.imgur.com/wCSkAUV.png
http://i.imgur.com/yMXFJxi.png
彩蛋
Zeppelin上採用了非常高級的功耗管理。和Carrizo/BristolRidge相同,Zeppelin也能夠
支持cTDP。雖然零售版的Ryzen官方不支持cTDP,實際上只是在迷惑人們。
http://i.imgur.com/9oVGc83.png
在30W TDP下,CinebenchR15能夠達到850cb。這個分數意味著什麼,可想而知。
只要在理想頻率範圍內,Zeppelin可以達到聞所未聞、怪物級別的效率。
--
原文作者在底下還做了很多比較圖表,
對於有心想了解ZEN各種表現的人可以自己進去看
原文作者比較給出來結論
Ryzen對FMA指令集支持不好 ( bullet,himeno,nbody,linpack )
--
8 Core Ryzen 是不是膠水翻譯這篇文章的作者是持否定論
不過我也有看到其他人認為8 Core Ryzen就是膠水的論點就是了
--
Tags:
3C
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By Gary
at 2017-09-02T17:45
at 2017-09-02T17:45

By Quanna
at 2017-09-04T14:35
at 2017-09-04T14:35

By David
at 2017-09-06T03:43
at 2017-09-06T03:43

By Thomas
at 2017-09-10T03:04
at 2017-09-10T03:04

By Margaret
at 2017-09-10T21:55
at 2017-09-10T21:55

By Rae
at 2017-09-15T06:11
at 2017-09-15T06:11

By Lydia
at 2017-09-18T01:28
at 2017-09-18T01:28

By Brianna
at 2017-09-20T08:12
at 2017-09-20T08:12

By Puput
at 2017-09-22T07:28
at 2017-09-22T07:28

By Enid
at 2017-09-24T15:52
at 2017-09-24T15:52

By Lydia
at 2017-09-27T08:03
at 2017-09-27T08:03

By Iris
at 2017-10-01T01:41
at 2017-10-01T01:41

By Caroline
at 2017-10-05T23:53
at 2017-10-05T23:53

By Eden
at 2017-10-08T17:29
at 2017-10-08T17:29

By Joseph
at 2017-10-09T00:09
at 2017-10-09T00:09

By Emily
at 2017-10-13T23:49
at 2017-10-13T23:49

By Mason
at 2017-10-14T21:00
at 2017-10-14T21:00

By Una
at 2017-10-19T14:21
at 2017-10-19T14:21

By Sierra Rose
at 2017-10-20T17:06
at 2017-10-20T17:06

By Catherine
at 2017-10-21T12:50
at 2017-10-21T12:50

By Edward Lewis
at 2017-10-24T08:47
at 2017-10-24T08:47

By Linda
at 2017-10-25T16:42
at 2017-10-25T16:42

By Hamiltion
at 2017-10-26T01:34
at 2017-10-26T01:34

By Quintina
at 2017-10-27T20:44
at 2017-10-27T20:44

By Heather
at 2017-10-28T09:09
at 2017-10-28T09:09

By Sierra Rose
at 2017-10-29T09:21
at 2017-10-29T09:21

By Elvira
at 2017-11-01T16:27
at 2017-11-01T16:27

By Hamiltion
at 2017-11-02T13:21
at 2017-11-02T13:21

By Blanche
at 2017-11-03T23:12
at 2017-11-03T23:12

By Kyle
at 2017-11-06T19:30
at 2017-11-06T19:30

By Blanche
at 2017-11-07T16:00
at 2017-11-07T16:00

By Liam
at 2017-11-10T07:21
at 2017-11-10T07:21

By Emma
at 2017-11-14T03:58
at 2017-11-14T03:58

By Dora
at 2017-11-15T12:33
at 2017-11-15T12:33

By Joseph
at 2017-11-15T13:51
at 2017-11-15T13:51

By Emma
at 2017-11-18T12:59
at 2017-11-18T12:59

By Wallis
at 2017-11-20T11:28
at 2017-11-20T11:28

By Yuri
at 2017-11-22T23:11
at 2017-11-22T23:11

By Rebecca
at 2017-11-26T01:02
at 2017-11-26T01:02

By Rebecca
at 2017-11-30T20:58
at 2017-11-30T20:58

By Hardy
at 2017-12-03T11:22
at 2017-12-03T11:22

By Jacob
at 2017-12-04T21:13
at 2017-12-04T21:13

By Lydia
at 2017-12-08T02:50
at 2017-12-08T02:50

By Charlotte
at 2017-12-11T15:57
at 2017-12-11T15:57

By Jake
at 2017-12-15T16:48
at 2017-12-15T16:48

By Christine
at 2017-12-18T06:12
at 2017-12-18T06:12

By Puput
at 2017-12-19T18:21
at 2017-12-19T18:21

By Ursula
at 2017-12-22T23:50
at 2017-12-22T23:50

By Elizabeth
at 2017-12-23T23:35
at 2017-12-23T23:35

By Hedwig
at 2017-12-25T15:08
at 2017-12-25T15:08

By Selena
at 2017-12-25T18:27
at 2017-12-25T18:27

By Ophelia
at 2017-12-29T05:24
at 2017-12-29T05:24

By Donna
at 2018-01-01T01:40
at 2018-01-01T01:40

By Ursula
at 2018-01-02T07:29
at 2018-01-02T07:29

By Enid
at 2018-01-04T15:07
at 2018-01-04T15:07

By Quintina
at 2018-01-05T20:48
at 2018-01-05T20:48

By Agatha
at 2018-01-09T08:36
at 2018-01-09T08:36

By Jake
at 2018-01-11T07:07
at 2018-01-11T07:07

By Tristan Cohan
at 2018-01-12T08:08
at 2018-01-12T08:08

By Noah
at 2018-01-14T12:17
at 2018-01-14T12:17

By Aaliyah
at 2018-01-15T21:45
at 2018-01-15T21:45

By Wallis
at 2018-01-16T22:29
at 2018-01-16T22:29

By Vanessa
at 2018-01-20T17:42
at 2018-01-20T17:42

By Frederica
at 2018-01-22T17:34
at 2018-01-22T17:34

By Regina
at 2018-01-26T16:25
at 2018-01-26T16:25

By Donna
at 2018-01-30T05:19
at 2018-01-30T05:19

By Valerie
at 2018-02-01T21:47
at 2018-02-01T21:47

By Susan
at 2018-02-06T16:23
at 2018-02-06T16:23

By Callum
at 2018-02-07T10:50
at 2018-02-07T10:50

By Daph Bay
at 2018-02-12T00:29
at 2018-02-12T00:29

By Hazel
at 2018-02-16T20:30
at 2018-02-16T20:30

By Lily
at 2018-02-18T07:22
at 2018-02-18T07:22

By Belly
at 2018-02-20T08:00
at 2018-02-20T08:00

By Rebecca
at 2018-02-23T14:17
at 2018-02-23T14:17

By Queena
at 2018-02-24T07:26
at 2018-02-24T07:26

By Hazel
at 2018-02-26T02:05
at 2018-02-26T02:05

By Margaret
at 2018-03-02T03:18
at 2018-03-02T03:18

By Andrew
at 2018-03-03T11:30
at 2018-03-03T11:30

By Doris
at 2018-03-05T06:11
at 2018-03-05T06:11

By Ethan
at 2018-03-07T17:15
at 2018-03-07T17:15

By Gilbert
at 2018-03-11T17:23
at 2018-03-11T17:23

By Dinah
at 2018-03-12T14:17
at 2018-03-12T14:17

By Donna
at 2018-03-13T00:43
at 2018-03-13T00:43

By Rae
at 2018-03-14T15:09
at 2018-03-14T15:09

By Elvira
at 2018-03-18T07:47
at 2018-03-18T07:47

By Elvira
at 2018-03-19T02:20
at 2018-03-19T02:20

By Xanthe
at 2018-03-20T17:50
at 2018-03-20T17:50
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By Faithe
at 2018-03-25T10:47
at 2018-03-25T10:47
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By Edward Lewis
at 2018-03-29T19:13
at 2018-03-29T19:13
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By Frederic
at 2018-03-30T02:55
at 2018-03-30T02:55
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By Ula
at 2018-04-03T05:48
at 2018-04-03T05:48
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By Ina
at 2018-04-03T16:03
at 2018-04-03T16:03
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By Quanna
at 2018-04-03T21:48
at 2018-04-03T21:48
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By Michael
at 2018-04-06T03:16
at 2018-04-06T03:16
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By Lauren
at 2018-04-07T07:15
at 2018-04-07T07:15
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By Ula
at 2018-04-08T07:07
at 2018-04-08T07:07
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By Victoria
at 2018-04-11T16:03
at 2018-04-11T16:03
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By Ophelia
at 2018-04-12T00:04
at 2018-04-12T00:04
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By Regina
at 2018-04-16T15:19
at 2018-04-16T15:19
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By Donna
at 2018-04-20T12:39
at 2018-04-20T12:39
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By Skylar DavisLinda
at 2018-04-23T14:57
at 2018-04-23T14:57
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By Erin
at 2018-04-27T21:52
at 2018-04-27T21:52
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By Frederica
at 2018-04-28T13:51
at 2018-04-28T13:51
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By Michael
at 2018-04-30T22:10
at 2018-04-30T22:10
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By Odelette
at 2018-05-04T05:55
at 2018-05-04T05:55
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By Aaliyah
at 2018-05-07T04:56
at 2018-05-07T04:56
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By Ursula
at 2018-05-09T17:40
at 2018-05-09T17:40
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By Edward Lewis
at 2018-05-11T20:27
at 2018-05-11T20:27
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By Megan
at 2018-05-15T16:04
at 2018-05-15T16:04
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By Rosalind
at 2018-05-19T16:48
at 2018-05-19T16:48
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By Connor
at 2018-05-24T12:23
at 2018-05-24T12:23
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By David
at 2018-05-28T07:39
at 2018-05-28T07:39
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By Noah
at 2018-05-30T17:55
at 2018-05-30T17:55
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By William
at 2018-06-01T02:07
at 2018-06-01T02:07
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By Skylar DavisLinda
at 2018-06-05T11:37
at 2018-06-05T11:37
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By Leila
at 2018-06-09T17:40
at 2018-06-09T17:40
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By Leila
at 2018-06-14T16:13
at 2018-06-14T16:13
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By Yedda
at 2018-06-18T03:57
at 2018-06-18T03:57
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By Agnes
at 2018-06-20T09:48
at 2018-06-20T09:48
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