側透爆裂 - 3C
By Queena
at 2020-02-12T14:01
at 2020-02-12T14:01
Table of Contents
簡述一下強化玻璃為什麼容易自爆
基本上跟製作過程跟添加物有關
製作的部份一般玻璃經過熱處理後基本上就是強化玻璃了
首先熱處理 是指經過加熱後以一定的速度或更快的速度冷卻來達到強化的效果
玻璃加熱後經過快速冷卻後(熱處理)
外部會產生應力層 內部產生張力層
簡單來講就是熱脹冷縮的原理
玻璃外層經過快速冷卻後產生應力層
玻璃內層冷卻速度低於外層所產生張力層
也因為這樣子應力層只要有裂痕
破壞應力層與張力層之間的平衡
強化玻璃就會自爆
不過也因為壓力的關係強化玻璃破碎時會是顆粒狀
然後玻璃的主要成分是二氧化矽 化學式SIO2
矽土融點約2000°C
純SIO2 的玻璃融點約1100°C
加工溫度約1700°C
為了降低融點所需溫度 會加入許多添加物
例如氧化硼.碳酸鈉.碳酸鉀.氧化鈣 等等
根據不同種類及用途的玻璃
會有不同種類的添加物跟添加比例
而二氧化矽主要來源是石英或砂
和上述添加物在製作過程中會產生硫化鎳
一般情況下硫化鎳 化學式NiS
在玻璃中會分為α跟β的狀態
高溫時為α-NiS 降溫時轉換為β-NiS
但是因為強化玻璃需要經過熱處理
所以高溫時又轉換回α-NiS
但是因為強化過程需要快速冷卻
導致α-NiS來不及轉換回β-NiS
就會讓α-NiS卡在強化玻璃中
並等待時機轉換回β-NiS
也就是顆粒狀的硫化鎳(大小需約0.04mm以上)
要是剛好卡在張力與應力層之間
強化玻璃就會自爆
為什麼因為硫化鎳是“熱縮冷漲”
冷卻後膨脹玻璃就爆了
一般強化玻璃自爆機率為千分之三左右
降低強化玻璃自爆率可以使用“熱浸處理”
將自爆率降至五萬分之一
(此數據源自經濟部標準檢驗局)
不過經濟部標準檢驗局滿早就有參考歐盟標準EN 14179-1
修訂CNS 2217「強化玻璃」國家標準 新增“熱浸處理”的製程 來降低強化玻璃自爆率
然後熱浸處理就是把強化玻璃再加熱
讓有瑕疵的玻璃先爆一爆
剩下好的玻璃再以正常速度降溫
不過熱浸處理也是要成本 加上玻璃先爆一波了 所以成本又貴上不少
一般要建築用的才會去做熱浸
大概4降
--
Sent from my Pixel 4 XL
○ PiTT // PHJCI
--
基本上跟製作過程跟添加物有關
製作的部份一般玻璃經過熱處理後基本上就是強化玻璃了
首先熱處理 是指經過加熱後以一定的速度或更快的速度冷卻來達到強化的效果
玻璃加熱後經過快速冷卻後(熱處理)
外部會產生應力層 內部產生張力層
簡單來講就是熱脹冷縮的原理
玻璃外層經過快速冷卻後產生應力層
玻璃內層冷卻速度低於外層所產生張力層
也因為這樣子應力層只要有裂痕
破壞應力層與張力層之間的平衡
強化玻璃就會自爆
不過也因為壓力的關係強化玻璃破碎時會是顆粒狀
然後玻璃的主要成分是二氧化矽 化學式SIO2
矽土融點約2000°C
純SIO2 的玻璃融點約1100°C
加工溫度約1700°C
為了降低融點所需溫度 會加入許多添加物
例如氧化硼.碳酸鈉.碳酸鉀.氧化鈣 等等
根據不同種類及用途的玻璃
會有不同種類的添加物跟添加比例
而二氧化矽主要來源是石英或砂
和上述添加物在製作過程中會產生硫化鎳
一般情況下硫化鎳 化學式NiS
在玻璃中會分為α跟β的狀態
高溫時為α-NiS 降溫時轉換為β-NiS
但是因為強化玻璃需要經過熱處理
所以高溫時又轉換回α-NiS
但是因為強化過程需要快速冷卻
導致α-NiS來不及轉換回β-NiS
就會讓α-NiS卡在強化玻璃中
並等待時機轉換回β-NiS
也就是顆粒狀的硫化鎳(大小需約0.04mm以上)
要是剛好卡在張力與應力層之間
強化玻璃就會自爆
為什麼因為硫化鎳是“熱縮冷漲”
冷卻後膨脹玻璃就爆了
一般強化玻璃自爆機率為千分之三左右
降低強化玻璃自爆率可以使用“熱浸處理”
將自爆率降至五萬分之一
(此數據源自經濟部標準檢驗局)
不過經濟部標準檢驗局滿早就有參考歐盟標準EN 14179-1
修訂CNS 2217「強化玻璃」國家標準 新增“熱浸處理”的製程 來降低強化玻璃自爆率
然後熱浸處理就是把強化玻璃再加熱
讓有瑕疵的玻璃先爆一爆
剩下好的玻璃再以正常速度降溫
不過熱浸處理也是要成本 加上玻璃先爆一波了 所以成本又貴上不少
一般要建築用的才會去做熱浸
大概4降
--
Sent from my Pixel 4 XL
○ PiTT // PHJCI
--
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