資料心得:【黑膠】好嗎? 黑膠 VS CD - 音響

By Eden
at 2022-01-22T00:02
at 2022-01-22T00:02
Table of Contents
先講結論,不喜歡就別往下看了:
【黑膠】是無法滿足現今基本的播放需求,能夠滿足的就是老一輩的感情,
還有讓玩家獲得與芸芸眾生不同的優越感。
以下就是黑膠無法滿足現今播放系統的原因:(比較對像當然是CD)
(1) 動態不足
(A)純動態
黑膠的動態理論值為70db,實際上約55db。
CD的動態理論上是96db,實際上約84db左右。
以國家音樂廳在無人講話時,約35db~40db,演奏交響樂時前2排約105db,
所以動態需要105-35=70db(至少也要65db)。
基於以上的資料,黑膠是沒有辦法滿足交響樂的重現,只有CD才可以。
(B)在家聽時的動態
一般家庭的平均噪聲約50db左右。
如果音樂的動態約65db時,那聲壓也高達50+65=115db;這種聲音將會非
常非常的大,在公寓類型的房子裡會被抗議,通常也只有短時間播放而己。
在一般的音樂錄製,55db就能夠滿足使用了;50db+55db=105db,這也是會
傷害到人耳的音壓等級。
這代表黑膠就可以滿足了嗎?在人聲演唱只要20dB時,黑膠確實是能滿足。
像是交響樂、搖滾樂需要極高動態的音樂,就黑膠就無法滿足了;因為在錄製
時,還是會朝向極限邁向,然後讓聽眾自己調整音量。
(2) 讀取不穩定
刮傷與跳針,這己經是直覺上的老生常談。
每一次讀取都會刮傷唱盤,加上不論如何都會亂蹦亂跳又甩尾的針頭,造成
每一次聲音結果都不一樣,失真率輕輕鬆鬆上3%。人耳大約能夠辯識0.2%以上
的失真,所以相較於CD失真率的0.01%以下,實在是二個不同的檔次。
同項目也帶到著名的背景雜訊跟炒豆聲。雖然號稱炒豆聲是能夠解決,但是
過程繁雜且不一定能夠每次達到完美,所以這個問題算是仍然存在。
(3) 低頻過度壓縮
錄音工程師通常會對黑膠的動態和低音進行壓縮,因為寬闊的動態和強勁的
低音必須以加寬黑膠槽距為代價,過寬的槽距會導致跳針,也會損傷唱針。
製作人需要在低頻動態與刻錄槽數之間進行取捨,除了捨棄一部分超低頻聲音
之外,對低頻動態進行壓縮也是常見的操作。
(4) 音樂動態的計算
在研究此一議題時,我一直卡在一個問題。
像是知名的音樂動態資料庫:https://dr.loudness-war.info/,裡面的音
樂動態都不到20dB,就算是交響樂也不例外。
後來才知道,隨著時代的進步,音樂動態也開始標準化,嚴謹的動態計算
目前主流是採用EBU R-128 的 LUFS 算法,數值在 0 至 -23 dB間。
這邊要特別推薦鐵吹製作的陳星奎老師,官網上有一份非常好的音響用
數學、動態的教材,非常值得一讀。 ( 鐵吹製作 https://febproduction.com/ )
(5) 黑膠的優點
除了儀式感之外,喜愛黑膠的玩家訴說好聽的原因就來自於他的「失真」。
這真的還有點哭笑不得~~~~ 當追求高保真(高度還原聲音)時,黑膠為人所稱
讚的是他的加料。
(6) 結論
黑膠不死,只是淍零。
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